Short Term Hypervitaminosis A (effects in hours to days) i. CNS effects (increased intracranial pressure, HA, seizures, irrability) ii. ![]() GI effects (N/V, pain) iii. Dermatological effects ( DEsquamation- slough off ok skin) iv. Opthalmic Effects (papiledema, scotoma, photophobia) v. Liver damage (may or may NOT be reversed) 2. LONG TERM Hypervitaminosis (effects in hrs to days) i. Tohirin, M.Pd, Bimbingan dan Konseling di Sekolah dan Madrasah (Berbasis Integrasi), PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2007 Drs. Yogyakarta, 2004. Penanganan Efektif Bimbingan dan Konseling di Sekolah. Pustaka Pelajar. Ridwan, M.Pd. Contoh format evaluasi program bk. Soap&Skin is the experimental musical project of Austrian artist Anja Plaschg ( born 5 April ). 1 Early life; 2 Personal life; 3 Discography. Lyrics Wonder by Soap&Skin. Don't forget to pray To keep it away Away from every day Where you wonder Why we can't be. Listen Wonder by Soap&Skin and Download Lyrics on DrLyrics. CNS effects (buldging fontaneal in infants, also seizures HAs etc) ii. Skeletal system- PERMANENT!! (demineralization and bone/joint pain) iii. Dermatological effects (drying of skin/mucosa, swelling and fissuring of lips, loss of body hair) iv. Hepatic effects- PERMANENT!!! (hypertrophy/hyperplasia, hepatolomegaly, fibrosis/cirrosis). Carotenoids (vit A from plants) can be directly passively diffused into the enterocytes of the stomach and converted into retinol 2. The retinyl esters (vita A from animals, milks, eggs) CANNOT diffuse into the enterocytes. The esters are first converted into retinol, then retinol diffuses into the enterocytes. Retinol is converted back into the ester form inside the enterocyte!! Now the retinyl ester is transported via chylomicrons to the liver. If we do NOT need vitamin A, Retinyl esters are stored for the majority in the LIVER within hepatic STEALLATE cells, but small amt is stored in the eye. When we need the vitamin A, the retinyl ester is hydrolyzed into retinol. Retinol is transported OUT of the liver with help of transport proteins, called RBR (retinol binding proteins) 6. At the target site, the retinol is CONVERTED into RETINOIC acid via enzymes (the active form of retinol, which is recognized by NUCLEAR receptors). Nuclear receptors dimerize and interact at the RARE (retinoic acid response element) site of DNA. DNA therefore increases OR decreases transcription of proteins. Retinol is taken into the target site cell AND binds to CRBP (cellular retinol binding protein) 2. Retinol then binds to retinol dehydrogenase (RoDH) and is converted to retinal **RATE LIMITING step=formation of retinAL 3. Retinal binds to retinal dehydrogenase (RADH)and is converted to RETINOIC ACID 4. Retinoic acid binds to cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP), which transports retinoic acid inside the nucleus 5. In nucleus, retinoic acid interacts with 2 forms of nuclear receptors!! (RARs and RXR!!) 6. RAR and RXR dimerize and interact with DNA at the RARE site!! OVERALL- drugs that help acne target RAR. ARE keratinolytics, AIF, antibiotics, or reduce sebum.
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